。

在热液喷口传输的物质中，一些元素可在海底形成金属硫化物，这些硫化物富含钴、金、银、铜、铁、稀土等有用元素，能够达到足够高的品位，形成一种特殊的矿床类型——海底块状硫化物矿床。在地表矿产资源逐渐枯竭、开采难度日益增加的情况下，深海热液口的矿产资源开采成为支撑人类社会发展的新希望。目前，深海热液口金属矿产资源开采已取得初步的成功，并有望在未来实现大规模开采，这能够在一定程度上缓解人类对矿产资源的需求压力。但热液口矿产资源的开采对海底生物群落可能产生不利影响，相关研究也渐受关注。

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参考资料

[1]汪品先. 深海浅说. 上海: 上海科技教育出版社, 2020.

[2]Hsu H W, Postberg F, Sekine Y, et al. Ongoing hydrothermal activities within Enceladus. Nature, 2015, 519: 207-210.

[3]Perner M, Gonnella G, Kurtz S, et al. Handling temperature bursts reaching 464℃: different microbial strategies in the sisters peak hydrothermal chimney. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2014, 80(15): 4585-4598.

[4]Lane N. The Vital Question—Energy, Evolution, and the Origins of Complex Life. W. W. Norton & Company, 2015.

[5]Dissanayake A L, Yapa P D, Nakata K. Simulation of hydrothermal vents in the Izena Cauldron, Mid-Okinawa trough, Japan and other Pacific locations. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 2014, 8(4): 343-357.

[6]Brunner O, Chen C, Giguère T, et al. Species assemblage networks identify regional connectivity pathways among hydrothermal vents in the Northwest Pacific. Ecology and Evolution, 2022, 12(12): e9612.

[7]Subramanian A, Baskar S. Geomicrobiology: an emerging science and way out to environmental and health problems. International Journal of Environmental and Health Sciences (IJEHS), 2021, 3(1): 10-15.

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